Overview

My research centres around the control of light-matter interactions in photonic nanostructures in order to build functional devices. I am currently interested in metasurfaces for imaging and sensing applications, biomedical optics, novel nanofabrication methods, and tunable nanophotonic devices. Research challenges lying at the interface between disciplines are of particular interest. 

Research specialisms:

• Micro and nanophotonics
• Optical metasurfaces
• Multimodal sensing 
• Nanofabrication: e-beam lithography and device processing 
• Optical devices: from the visible to the mid-infrared (MIR)
• Multi and hyperspectral imaging

Education and Employment

• 2023:  Lecturer in Physics, University of Exeter
• 2020 - 2022:  Senior Research Associate, University of Cambridge 
• 2017 - 2020:  Research Associate, University of Cambridge
  • 2019: Junior Interdisciplinary Fellowship, Wellcome Trust
  • 2018: Junior Research Fellowship, Wolfson College
• 2013 - 2017:  PhD, Engineering, University of Cambridge
  • Thesis: Plasmonic nanostructures for enhanced optical devices
• 2012 - 2013:  MRes (Dist.), Photonic Systems Development, University of Cambridge
• 2011 - 2012:  MPhil (Dist.), Micro and Nanotechnology, University of Cambridge
• 2008 - 2011:  BSc (1st class Hons.), Physics, Cardiff University

Publications

For more information on the work and publications: Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=eiR0O0oAAAAJ&hl=en

If you are interested in this work and would like to know more, please drop me an email! 

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Publications

_{Copyright Notice: Any articles made available for download are for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the copyright holder.}

| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 |

2024

• Williams C, Cousins R, Mellor CJ, Bohndiek SE, Gordon GSD. (2024) Hyperpixels: Pixel Filter Arrays of Multivariate Optical Elements for Optimized Spectral Imaging. [PDF]
• Kim HJ, Julian M, Williams C, Bombara D, Hu J, Gu T, Aryana K, Sauti G, Humphreys W. (2024) Author Correction: Versatile spaceborne photonics with chalcogenide phase-change materials, NPJ Microgravity, volume 10, no. 1, DOI:10.1038/s41526-024-00384-6. [PDF]
• Racicot I, White K-L, Spicer G, Williams C, di Pietro M.D. M, Bohndiek S. (2024) Versatile illumination-based hyperspectral imaging for endoscopy, Proc. SPIE PC12831, Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XXII, DOI:10.1117/12.3001596. [PDF]
• Williams C, Racicot I, Bohndiek SE. (2024) Fast hyperspectral imaging via spectral undersampling using a digital micromirror device architecture, Emerging Digital Micromirror Device Based Systems and Applications XVI, 27th Jan - 1st Feb 2024, Emerging Digital Micromirror Device Based Systems and Applications XVI, DOI:10.1117/12.3001587. [PDF]
• Kim HJ, Julian M, Williams C, Bombara D, Hu J, Gu T, Aryana K, Sauti G, Humphreys W. (2024) Versatile spaceborne photonics with chalcogenide phase-change materials, npj Microgravity, volume 10, no. 1, DOI:10.1038/s41526-024-00358-8.

2023

• Yang F, Popescu C-C, Ríos Ocampo CA, Zhang Y, Shalaginov M, Lin H-I, An S, Kim HJ, Julian M, Williams C. (2023) Dynamic light shaping using active optical metasurfaces, Image Sensing Technologies: Materials, Devices, Systems, and Applications X, DOI:10.1117/12.2664410.
• Soliman A, Williams C, Wilkinson T. (2023) High transmission efficiency colour filters based on hybrid metal-dielectric metasurfaces, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, volume 12431, DOI:10.1117/12.2656694.
• Mead S, Bohndiek SE, Williams C, Spicer G. (2023) Broadband hyperspectral imaging across visible and infrared biological windows using a single camera (Conference Presentation), Optical Biopsy XXI: Toward Real-Time Spectroscopic Imaging and Diagnosis, DOI:10.1117/12.2649304.
• Kim HJ, Julian M, Williams C, Bombara D, Hu J, Gu T, Aryana K, Sauti G, Humphreys W. (2023) Versatile spaceborne photonics with chalcogenide phase-change materials. [PDF]
• Xu N, Williams C, Spicer G, Bohndiek SE, Tan Q. (2023) Resolution enhanced imaging for endoscopy using diffractive optics, ADVANCED OPTICAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES V, volume 12316, DOI:10.1117/12.2641767. [PDF]

2022

• Kim HJ, Borg S, Humphreys W, Julian M, Williams C, Bombara D, Zhang Y, Hu J, Gu T. (2022) Phase-change-material (PCM)-based actively tunable filters for both terrestrial and spaceborne platforms, High Contrast Metastructures XI, DOI:10.1117/12.2607826.
• Williams C, Griffiths J, Gordon GSD, Sawyer TW, Bohndiek SE. (2022) A biomedical multispectral image sensor, Molecular-Guided Surgery: Molecules, Devices, and Applications VIII, DOI:10.1117/12.2609373.
• Sawyer TW, Taylor-Williams M, Tao R, Xia R, Williams C, Bohndiek SE. (2022) Opti-MSFA: a toolbox for generalized design and optimization of multispectral filter arrays, OPTICS EXPRESS, volume 30, no. 5, pages 7591-7611, DOI:10.1364/OE.446767. [PDF]
• An S, Zheng B, Julian M, Williams C, Tang H, Gu T, Zhang H, Kim HJ, Hu J. (2022) Deep neural network enabled active metasurface embedded design, NANOPHOTONICS, volume 11, no. 17, pages 4149-4158, DOI:10.1515/nanoph-2022-0152. [PDF]
• Taylor-Williams M, Cousins R, Williams C, Bohndiek SE, Mellor CJ, Gordon GSD. (2022) Spectrally Tailored 'HyperPixel' Filter Arrays for Efficient Imaging of Chemical Compositions, OPTICAL BIOPSY XX: TOWARD REAL-TIME SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING AND DIAGNOSIS, volume 11954, DOI:10.1117/12.2606917. [PDF]
• Hooper CM, Bohndiek SE, Williams C. (2022) Optimizing achromaticity in metalenses, and development of a layered thin-film metalens, HIGH CONTRAST METASTRUCTURES XI, volume 12011, DOI:10.1117/12.2609397. [PDF]
• Taylor-Williams M, Mead S, Sawyer TW, Hacker L, Williams C, Berks M, Murray A, Bohndiek SE. (2022) Multispectral imaging of nailfold capillaries using light-emitting diode illumination, JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS, volume 27, no. 12, article no. ARTN 126002, DOI:10.1117/1.JBO.27.12.126002. [PDF]
• Hooper CM, Bohndiek SE, Williams C. (2022) Optimizing achromaticity in metalenses, and development of a layered thin-film metalens. [PDF]

2021

• Soliman AM, Williams C, Wilkinson TD. (2021) All-dielectric metasurface linear polarizer for visible wavelengths utilizing the first Kerker condition, International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics, pages 965-966.
• Kim HJ, Sohn J-W, Hong N, Williams C, Humphreys W. (2021) PCM-net: a refractive index database of chalcogenide phase change materials for tunable nanophotonic device modelling, Journal of Physics Photonics, volume 3, no. 2, DOI:10.1088/2515-7647/abeb55.
• Kim HJ, Williams C, Julian M, Hong N, Borg S. (2021) Phase-change material based actively tunable MWIR thin-film bandpass filters, Optical Components and Materials XVIII, DOI:10.1117/12.2574634.
• Taylor-Williams M, Mead S, Sawyer TW, Hacker L, Williams C, Berks M, Murray A, Bohndiek SE. (2021) A low-cost LED-based multispectral capillaroscopy system for oximetry of the nailfold, Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XXI: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics, DOI:10.1117/12.2575869.
• Taylor-Williams M, Williams C, Berks M, Murray A, Bohndiek SE. (2021) Hyperspectral imaging and analysis of the nailfold capillaries, Label-free Biomedical Imaging and Sensing (LBIS) 2021, DOI:10.1117/12.2575975.
• Kim HJ, Julian M, Williams C, Borg S, Bombara D, Humphreys W. (2021) Active tunable MWIR filters: phase-change tunable filters for MWIR imaging based on GeSbTe-integrated metasurfaces, Image Sensing Technologies: Materials, Devices, Systems, and Applications VIII, DOI:10.1117/12.2586511.
• Bombara D, Williams C, Borg S, Kim HJ. (2021) Automated real-time spectral characterization of phase-change tunable filters using a linear variable filter and IR camera for wide-field MWIR imaging, OPTICAL ENGINEERING, volume 60, no. 8, article no. ARTN 084105, DOI:10.1117/1.OE.60.8.084105. [PDF]
• Bombara D, Williams C, Borg S, Kim HJ. (2021) Automated real-time spectral characterization of phase-change tunable optical filters using a linear variable filter and infrared camera. [PDF]

2020

• Kim HJ, Julian M, Williams C, Bartram SM, MacDonnell DG. (2020) Active tunable filters based on GeSbTe phase-change materials and surface plasmon resonance (Conference Presentation), Optical Components and Materials XVII, DOI:10.1117/12.2543812.
• Williams C, Gordon GSD, Bohndiek SE. (2020) Bespoke multispectral filter arrays based on Fabry-Perot optical cavities fabricated using large-area grayscale photolithography (Conference Presentation), Biomedical Spectroscopy, Microscopy, and Imaging, DOI:10.1117/12.2554583.
• Williams C, Hong N, Julian M, Borg S, Kim HJ. (2020) Tunable mid-wave infrared Fabry-Perot bandpass filters using phase-change GeSbTe, OPTICS EXPRESS, volume 28, no. 7, pages 10583-10594, DOI:10.1364/OE.390538. [PDF]
• Julian MN, Williams C, Borg S, Bartram S, Kim HJ. (2020) Reversible optical tuning of GeSbTe phase-change metasurface spectral filters for mid-wave infrared imaging, OPTICA, volume 7, no. 7, pages 746-754, DOI:10.1364/OPTICA.392878. [PDF]
• Kim HJ, Sohn J-W, Hong N, Williams C, Humphreys W. (2020) PCM-net: A refractive index database of chalcogenide phase change materials for tunable nanophotonic device modelling. [PDF]
• Williams C, Hong N, Julian M, Borg S, Kim HJ. (2020) Tunable mid-wave infrared Fabry-Perot bandpass filters using phase-change GeSbTe, Optics Express, volume 28, pages 10583-10594. [PDF]

2019

• Kim HJ, Julian M, Williams C, Bartram S. (2019) Tunable mid-wave infrared spectral filters based on GexSbyTez for multispectral imaging, Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC, volume 2019-October.
• Yang Z, Albrow-Owen T, Cui H, Alexander-Webber J, Gu F, Wang X, Wu T-C, Zhuge M, Williams C, Wang P. (2019) Single-nanowire spectrometers, Science, volume 365, no. 6457, pages 1017-1020, DOI:10.1126/science.aax8814.
• Sawyer TW, Williams C, Bohndiek SE. (2019) Spectral Band Selection and Tolerancing for Multispectral Filter Arrays, Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science APS/DLS, DOI:10.1364/fio.2019.jw4a.126.
• Kuppe C, Zheng X, Williams C, Murphy AWA, Collins JT, Gordeev SN, Vandenbosch GAE, Valev VK. (2019) Measuring optical activity in the far-field from a racemic nanomaterial: diffraction spectroscopy from plasmonic nanogratings, NANOSCALE HORIZONS, volume 4, no. 5, pages 1056-1062, DOI:10.1039/c9nh00067d. [PDF]
• Gordon GSD, Joseph J, Sawyer T, Macfaden AJ, Williams C, Wilkinson TD, Bohndiek SE. (2019) Full-field quantitative phase and polarisation-resolved imaging through an optical fibre bundle, OPTICS EXPRESS, volume 27, no. 17, pages 23929-23947, DOI:10.1364/OE.27.023929. [PDF]
• Gordon GSD, Joseph J, Alcolea MP, Sawyer T, Williams C, Fitzpatrick CRM, Jones PH, di Pietro M, Fitzgerald RC, Wilkinson TD. (2019) Quantitative phase and polarization imaging through an optical fiber applied to detection of early esophageal tumorigenesis, JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS, volume 24, no. 12, article no. ARTN 126004, DOI:10.1117/1.JBO.24.12.126004. [PDF]
• Gordon GSD, Gataric M, Ramos AGCP, Mouthaan R, Williams C, Yoon J, Wilkinson TD, Bohndiek SE. (2019) Characterizing Optical Fiber Transmission Matrices Using Metasurface Reflector Stacks for Lensless Imaging without Distal Access, PHYSICAL REVIEW X, volume 9, no. 4, article no. ARTN 041050, DOI:10.1103/PhysRevX.9.041050. [PDF]
• Williams C, Gordon GSD, Wilkinson TD, Bohndiek SE. (2019) Grayscale-to-Color: Scalable Fabrication of Custom Multispectral Filter Arrays, ACS PHOTONICS, volume 6, no. 12, pages 3132-+, DOI:10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01196. [PDF]
• Gordon GSD, Gataric M, Ramos AGCP, Mouthaan R, Williams C, Yoon J, Wilkinson TD, Bohndiek SE. (2019) Characterising optical fibre transmission matrices using metasurface reflector stacks for lensless imaging without distal access, Phys. Rev. X, volume 9. [PDF]
• Williams C, Gordon GSD, Gruber S, Wilkinson TD, Bohndiek SE. (2019) Grayscale-to-color: Single-step fabrication of bespoke multispectral filter arrays, ACS Photonics, volume 6, pages 3132-3141. [PDF]
• Julian MN, Williams C, Borg S, Bartram S, Kim HJ. (2019) All-optical continuous tuning of phase-change plasmonic metasurfaces for multispectral thermal imaging, Optica, volume 7, pages 746-754. [PDF]

2018

• Kuppe C, Williams C, You J, Collins JT, Gordeev SN, Wilkinson TD, Panoiu N, Valev VK. (2018) Quasiplanar Chiral Nanostructures: Circular Dichroism in Higher‐Order Diffraction Beams from Chiral Quasiplanar Nanostructures (Advanced Optical Materials 11/2018), Advanced Optical Materials, volume 6, no. 11, DOI:10.1002/adom.201870042.
• Kuppe C, Williams C, You J, Collins JT, Gordeev SN, Wilkinson TD, Panoiu N-C, Valev VK. (2018) Circular Dichroism in Higher-Order Diffraction Beams from Chiral Quasiplanar Nanostructures, ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS, volume 6, no. 11, article no. ARTN 1800098, DOI:10.1002/adom.201800098. [PDF]
• Williams C, Gordon GSD, Wilkinson TD, Bohndiek SE. (2018) Single-Step Fabrication of Multispectral Filter Arrays Using Grayscale Lithography and Metal-Insulator-Metal Geometry, 2018 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO). [PDF]
• Gordon GSD, Joseph J, Alcolea MP, Sawyer T, Macfaden AJ, Williams C, Fitzpatrick CRM, Jones PH, Pietro MD, Fitzgerald RC. (2018) Quantitative phase and polarisation endoscopy applied to detection of early oesophageal tumourigenesis. [PDF]

2017

• Versnel JM, Williams C, Davidson CAB, Wilkinson TD, Lowe CR. (2017) Signal intensity enhancement of laser ablated volume holograms, Optical Materials, volume 73, pages 400-407, DOI:10.1016/j.optmat.2017.08.003.
• Bartholomew R, Williams C, Khan A, Bowman R, Wilkinson T. (2017) Plasmonic nanohole electrodes for active color tunable liquid crystal transmissive pixels, OPTICS LETTERS, volume 42, no. 14, pages 2810-2813, DOI:10.1364/OL.42.002810. [PDF]
• Williams C, Rughoobur G, Flewitt AJ, Wilkinson TD. (2017) Nanostructured plasmonic metapixels, SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, volume 7, article no. ARTN 7745, DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-08145-0. [PDF]
• Williams C, Montelongo Y, Wilkinson TD. (2017) Plasmonic Metalens for Narrowband Dual-Focus Imaging, ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS, volume 5, no. 24, article no. ARTN 1700811, DOI:10.1002/adom.201700811. [PDF]

2016

• Williams C, Bartholomew R, Rughoobur G, Gordon GSD, Flewitt AJ, Wilkinson TD. (2016) Fabrication of nanostructured transmissive optical devices on ITO-glass with UV1116 photoresist using high-energy electron beam lithography, NANOTECHNOLOGY, volume 27, no. 48, article no. ARTN 485301, DOI:10.1088/0957-4484/27/48/485301. [PDF]
• Williams C, Rughoobur G, Flewitt AJ, Wilkinson TD. (2016) Single-step fabrication of thin-film linear variable bandpass filters based on metal-insulator-metal geometry, APPLIED OPTICS, volume 55, no. 32, pages 9237-9241, DOI:10.1364/AO.55.009237. [PDF]
• Kamarudin MA, Khan AA, Williams C, Rughoobur G, Said SM, Nosheen S, Flewitt AJ, Qasim MM, Wilkinson TD. (2016) Self-assembled liquid crystalline nanotemplates and their incorporation in dye-sensitised solar cells, ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA, volume 222, pages 657-667, DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.021. [PDF]

2015

• Williams C, Montelongo Y, Wilkinson TD. (2015) Switchable holographic pixel elements for 3D displays, SPIE Newsroom, DOI:10.1117/2.1201506.005981.
• Williams C, Montelongo Y, Tenorio-Pearl JO, Cabrero-Vilatela A, Hofmann S, Milne WI, Wilkinson TD. (2015) Engineered pixels using active plasmonic holograms with liquid crystals, PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI-RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS, volume 9, no. 2, pages 125-129, DOI:10.1002/pssr.201409524. [PDF]

2014

• Montelongo Y, Tenorio-Pearl JO, Williams C, Zhang S, Milne WI, Wilkinson TD. (2014) Plasmonic nanoparticle scattering for color holograms, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, volume 111, no. 35, pages 12679-12683, DOI:10.1073/pnas.1405262111. [PDF]

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